A composite index used to forecast short to mid-term growth in the Australian economy. Changes in the indicators selected are thought to precede developments in the economy as a whole. Therefore, an increase in the index forecasts economic expansion while a decrease in the index projects a future contraction.

The Conference Board of Australia considers eight indicators in the calculation of the index: money supply, share prices, rural goods exports, building approvals, sales to inventories ratio, gross operating surplus, yield spread, and medium-term government bond yields. The index is calculated as a percent change off a base year; headlines report the figure in a percent change from the previous month.

Shows a change in the total expenditure made via credit cards.

Evaluates the monthly change in overall production by all sectors of the Japanese economy. The index comprises a variety of industries: service, manufacturing, construction and public sectors are included. The index closely follows Japanese GDP and overall growth figures, providing insight into current levels of Japanese economic expansion. The All Industry Activity Index is posted monthly as a percentage change from the previous month's figure.

The amount of supermarket sales in Japan.

Measures the change in the prices paid by domestic producers. Producer prices, also known as factory gate prices, are those charged by producers usually before retail, consumer markets. Increases in German Producer Prices act as an early indicator of inflation, as higher producer prices may be passed to consumers in the form of higher retail prices. Rising inflation is significant, especially coming from the largest economy in the Euro-zone. German inflation will contribute to Euro-zone figures, and may be checked by increasing interest rates.

The headline is expressed as percentage change in the Producer Price Index.

Note: German PPI excludes volatile items, such as energy components and seasonal food, in order to provide a more accurate picture of price developments.
 

The broadest measure of money supply in use by Eurozone nations. It includes all currency in circulation, bank deposits, repurchase agreements, debt securities up to 2 years, and the value of money market shares. A larger money supply reduces the purchasing power of the Euro and puts downward pressure on the exchange rate. However, because an increase in M3 leads to price inflation, this figure can also be indicative of the likelihood of future interest rate hikes. The Eurozone M3 is reported in headlines as a percent change from the previous month or as a Three Month Average, which smoothes monthly volatility in the money supply.

The CPI is also reported excluding food and energy; two of its most volatile components. These components are particularly sensitive to temporary economic factors like oil prices, natural disasters and seasonal affects. Consequently, CPI excluding Food and Energy provides a more stable figure, but at the cost of overlooking two significant sectors in the economy (together food and energy comprise nearly a quarter of the goods included in the CPI). The figure is the monthly percent change in the index.

A monthly survey that measures the price changes of goods produced by UK manufacturers. The figure is also known as "Factory Gate Price" because it usually matches the price of goods when they first leave the factory. Increased prices in manufacturing typically lead to higher retail prices for consumers. However, it is also likely that higher output prices are caused by manufacturers charging a higher premium due to higher demand for their goods. Consequently, market trends in consumption should be considered with Output PPI to avoid data misinterpretation.

Core Output PPI excludes volatile items such as food and energy. The Core PPI is generally a better measure of inflation because it excludes those items whose short-term price fluctuations can distort inflationary data.

The headline is the percentage change in the Producer Price Index (Output) from the previous quarter and previous year.

The RPI calculated excluding mortgage interest payments.

In the United Kingdom, the Retail Prices Index or Retail Price Index (RPI) is a measure of inflation published monthly by the Office for National Statistics.

Reflects changes in the volume of exported goods in relation to the previous year. Higher headline figures bode well for exporters.